1) The world's first stock exchange was established in Amsterdam in 1602.

2) Tom Hanks is an American actor and filmmaker known for his versatile performances in films such as "Forrest Gump," "Saving Private Ryan," and "Cast Away." He has received numerous awards, including Academy Awards, Golden Globes, and BAFTAs.

3) The role of the judiciary is to interpret laws, resolve disputes, and ensure justice in accordance with legal principles and the constitution. It serves as a check on the executive and legislative branches of government.

4) The Treaty of Tordesillas, signed in 1494, divided the newly discovered lands outside of Europe between Spain and Portugal, leading to the colonization of the Americas.