1) Cyclones are fueled by warm ocean waters and atmospheric conditions that allow the formation of thunderstorms.

2) Oceans play a crucial role in regulating the Earth's climate by absorbing and storing large amounts of heat and carbon dioxide.

3) The European Union (EU) is a supranational organization comprising 27 member states that cooperate on various issues, including trade, economic integration, and common policies, while preserving individual national sovereignty.

4) The Treaty of Tordesillas, signed in 1494, divided the newly discovered lands outside of Europe between Spain and Portugal, leading to the colonization of the Americas.